Особенности ведения бизнеса в Китае (The peculiarities of marketing strategy development in China)
Дисциплина: Иностранные языкиТип работы: Реферат
Тема: Особенности ведения бизнеса в Китае (The peculiarities of marketing strategy development in China)
Эстоно-американский
бизнес колледж
кафедра менеджмента и маркетинга
«THE PECULIARITIES OF MARKETING
STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA»
Исполнил
Торп
Андрей
Группа ЕТ 402
Проверил:Шпилёв Андрей
Т А Л Л И Н Н 2003
ONTENTS
1.Introducing…………………………………………………………………………3
2.Lobbyng……………………………………………………………………………5
3.Budget offer………………………………………………………………………..8
4.Technical discussions……………………………………………………………...9
5.Final offer…………………………………………………………………………10
6.Formal negotiations……………………………………………………………….11
7.Managerial implications…………………………………………………………..13
8.Conclusions……………………………………………………………………….15
INTRODUCING
Since the 1970s,when China’s foreign trade policy was liberalized ,many Western firms have been very enthusiastic about capturing this market of over
one billion consumers.
On average ,throughout the 1980’s ,China was visited by one Western government ad-
visor every week.This interest of Western authorities and businesses can be compared
with Western interests in Japan,a far more important trading partner.Western busines-
ses’
interest in China decreased somewhat after the Tiananmen Square incident in 1989.
However,interest from trade and industry continued ,and increased even more in the
1990s.Lately,West European governments and businesses have also shown the interests
in China.The picture is not much different where American interests in this market are
concerned.In 1980s the trade between USA and China rose to more than US $ 5 billion
In these years,there was great demand in American goods.The trade relations between
the USA and China received a serious set-back after the 1989 incident.But the interest in China,both from the authorities and the business sector in the USA revived again
when
it was given the ranking of most-favoured nation (MFN) in the mid-1990s.
Since 1979,when the new regulating joint ventures was introduced by the Chinese government ,there has been a tremendous increase in joint-venture agreements with
agreements with foreign investors.In 1984,China signed 741 equity joint-venture agreements with foreign investors.By the end of 1987,the number of enterprises with
foreign investment in China exceeded 10,000 with a total coctract value of almost
US $ 22billion and paid-in value in excess of US $8.5 billion.In October 1984,the government declared that central planning would no longer be used and that a system
of interfirm contracts would be utilized to facilitate the distribution of raw materials and goods.During the same period four special zones
Economic Zones (SEZs) were established to encourage foreign investment.As a result,foreign direct investment
increased and attained real momentum in 199-1991.By 1995,it had reached more than
$ 30 billion.
In spite of this revived interest and fact that the Western companies have been dealing
with Chinese for almost two decades,these firms are now facing difficulties in negotiating
business deals with China.We believe that, basically,the problem is one of understanding
Chinese culture and perculiarities in behaviour .Such an understanding Chinese culture
is essential to do business in China and to maintain business relationships in the long
run.
We all know that negotiation process is considered as an interaction process of reaching agreements to provide terms and conditions for the future actions of the parties
involved.
Being a process,it can be divided into distinct stages.For the purpose of this study
and consistent with earlier studies the process of negotiations between Western firms
and their Chinese counterparts is divided into six stages: lobbying ,budget offer, technical discussions,final offer,face-to-face negotiations and implementation.
LOBBYNG
The negotiation process starts with early contacts with the Chinese authorities,in which
customer is trying to establish whether or not the selling firm has the technology or
capabilities to deliver the particular project.The Western firms are normally expected to
China...